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Connections with the Christian World
The Hafsid sultans have maintained continuous commercial and diplomatic relations with Pisa, Genoa, Venice, Aragon, and Provence since the thirteenth century, signing successive capitulations that grant European merchants resident factors at Tunis and La Goulette. Our court receives Christian envoys with the same protocol that we extend to fellow Muslim sovereigns, and our customs revenue from Italian trade alone funds a third of the central treasury. Pragmatic engagement with Christian Europe makes Tunis commercially and diplomatically flexible, as the more isolationist Maghrebi states are not.
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icon = hindu_muslim_relations




