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Reform of the Millones

cas_reform_of_millones

The Servicio de Millones, first authorized by the Cortes of Castile after the disaster of the Armada, is an indirect excise on the four staples (wine, oil, vinegar, and meat) sold in the kingdom. Renewed every six years under negotiated terms with the eighteen voting cities, it bypasses noble and clerical tax exemptions by being levied on consumption rather than property ownership. This single reform nearly doubles ordinary Crown revenue at the moment of greatest fiscal strain, ideally sustaining the Habsburg war machine into the next century.

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